Introduction
In the rich tapestry of Hindu religion, goddess Lakshmi stands out as the epitome of wealth, prosperity, and divine grace. Revered as the celestial consort of Lord Vishnu, one of the three supreme Hindu gods, Lakshmi is not merely a symbol of material abundance but also embodies spiritual prosperity, wisdom, and auspiciousness. Together with the goddess Parvati and the goddess Saraswati they form the Tridevi, or Hindu trinity of supreme goddesses.
The word ‘Lakshmi’ originates from the Sanskrit word “Laksya”, signifying ‘aim’ or ‘goal’, but it also encompasses the meanings of “know” and “understand”. As a result, Lakshmi is the deity aiding individuals attain their objectives. In a more free translation we could say that Lakshmi means “essence of prosperity and auspicious fortune”.
In the tradition of Shaktism, where the supreme godhead is feminine, Lakshmi is revered as the embodiment of prosperity of the mother goddess. Lakshmi is both the consort and the divine energy (shakti) of Lord Vishnu, who is recognized as the Supreme Being in Vaishnavism. Within this sect, she is revered as the Supreme Goddess and plays a crucial role alongside Vishnu in the creation, protection, and transformation of the universe.
Featured Image: VedSutra, Laxmi Images – An image of Goddess Lakshmi holding a Lotus in each of her hands, CC BY-SA 4.0
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Table of Contents
- Introduction
- The Birth of Goddess Lakshmi
- Iconography & Symbolism of Goddess Lakshmi
- Goddess Lakshmi’s Vehicle (Vahana)
- The 8 Forms of Goddess Lakshmi (Ashta Lakshmi)
- Shodasa Maha Lakshmi: The 16 Forms of Goddess Lakshmi
- Incarnations of Goddess Lakshmi
- Goddess Lakshmi Names
- Goddess Lakshmi Stories & Symbolisms
- Goddess Lakshmi Festivals
- How to Worship Goddess Lakshmi
- 3 Important Goddess Lakshmi Mantras
- Goddess Lakshmi Temples
- Cultural Influence of Goddess Lakshmi
- Global Influence of Goddess Lakshmi
- Conclusion & Final Thoughts
The Birth of Goddess Lakshmi
The roots of Goddess Lakshmi’s mythology can be traced back to the Vedic period, where she is mentioned in hymns dedicated to prosperity and fertility. According to the Puranas, her first incarnation was as the daughter of the sage Bhrigu and his consort Khyati. She later emerged during the churning of the cosmic ocean, a mythological event known as the Samudra Manthan.
This celestial event involved both devas (celestial beings) and asuras (demons) coming together to churn the ocean in pursuit of the elixir of immortality, known as amrita. As the churning progressed, various divine entities and treasures emerged from the ocean, each holding profound significance. Among these treasures, the emergence of Goddess Lakshmi is a pivotal moment, and there are different versions of this legend.
The Emergence from the Ocean
According to one version, as the cosmic ocean was churned, Goddess Lakshmi emerged from the milky white ocean seated on a lotus flower. Her radiant appearance captivated all beings, and her selection of Lord Vishnu as her eternal consort added an extra layer of significance to her manifestation. This version emphasizes the idea that wealth, prosperity, and grace are divine blessings that arise from righteous endeavors.
The Choice of Consort
Another version accentuates the celestial courtship between Goddess Lakshmi and Lord Vishnu. As she emerged from the ocean, various gods sought her hand in marriage, including god Indra. However, Lakshmi, recognizing the cosmic order and the harmony represented by Lord Vishnu, chose him as her eternal consort. This narrative underscores the inseparable connection between wealth and righteousness, with Lakshmi symbolizing the abundance that flourishes in a virtuous and balanced environment.
Lakshmi and Alakshmi
There is an intriguing aspect to Lakshmi’s emergence that introduces her elder sister, Alakshmi. Alakshmi personifies poverty, misfortune, and discord. In this version, both Lakshmi and Alakshmi emerge from the cosmic ocean, and while Lakshmi chooses Lord Vishnu, Alakshmi aligns herself with darker forces. This duality highlights the choices individuals make in pursuing wealth and the importance of aligning with virtue to attract the benevolence of Goddess Lakshmi.
These legends collectively emphasize the divine and auspicious nature of Goddess Lakshmi, portraying her not merely as a goddess of prosperity and bestower of material wealth but as a symbol of virtue and spiritual grace. The churning of the cosmic ocean and Lakshmi’s emergence encapsulate profound philosophical teachings, illustrating that true wealth lies in the pursuit of righteousness and the acknowledgment of the cosmic order.
Iconography & Symbolism of Goddess Lakshmi
In Iconography Lakshmi is depicted as a beautiful goddess seated or standing on a lotus flower symbolizing purity, beauty, and the blossoming of divine consciousness amidst worldly challenges. Each of Lakshmi’s four arms represents the four Purushartas (goals of human life) – dharma (righteousness), artha (wealth), kama (desire), and moksha (liberation), emphasizing a balanced and harmonious life. The presence of gold coins and the cornucopia in her hands signifies material wealth and abundance, reinforcing her association with prosperity.
Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth and fortune, and idols or images of Lakshmi adorn many Hindu homes and business establishments. Regular prayers and rituals are performed to seek her blessings for financial stability and overall well-being.
When Lakshmi and Vishnu appear together, she is depicted smaller as an indication of her devotion as a wife. According to Hindu scriptures Lakshmi was childless. However, in iconography, Lakshmi is often paired with Lord Ganesha, the Hindu elephant god. Hindu mythology states that Lakshmi grew to care so much for Ganesha that she decided to share her power with him.
Goddess Lakshmi’s Vehicle (Vahana)
Although, Hindu religious texts such as the Lakshmi Tantra, Devi Mahatmya, and Vedic scriptures, depict Lakshmi with either eight or eighteen hands and seated upon the eagle Garuda, a lion, or a tiger, Lakshmi’s vehicle (Vahana) is the owl Uluka. The owl is symbolic of knowledge, indicating awareness when in the darkness and knowledgeable when in crossroads. In Hindu Bengali culture, Lakshmi is often depicted with a white owl.
The 8 Forms of Goddess Lakshmi (Ashta Lakshmi)
Ashta Lakshmi are a symbolism for the eight sources of wealth refers to the eight embodiments of Lakshmi, each representing different aspects of wealth, prosperity, and well-being. These eight forms of Lakshmi are worshipped to invoke blessings in various spheres of life. Each manifestation carries a distinct symbolism and significance, collectively contributing to a holistic understanding of prosperity. Here’s an overview of how Lakshmi is typically depicted in each of her Ashta Lakshmi forms:
Adi Lakshmi (The Main Goddess)
Adi Lakshmi or Maha Lakshmi is the primordial form of Goddess Lakshmi, representing the beginning and the source of all wealth and prosperity. She is often depicted with Lord Vishnu and is associated with the power of creation. When alone, she is depicted with four hands, sitting on a lotus. In one hand she holds a lotus (signifying enlightenment) and in the other a flag for righteousness. The other two hands are making the ritual gestures of Abhaya mudra (blessing gesture) and Varada mudra (dispensing of boons).
Dhana Lakshmi (Monetary Wealth)
Dhana Lakshmi is the goddess of material wealth and prosperity. Worshipping her is believed to bring financial stability, abundance, and success in material pursuits. She is portrayed with 6 arms. Two arms hand out coins. The other four hold a discus(strength), a bow and arrow, a conch and a water vessel (kashala).
Dhanya Lakshmi (Granary Wealth)
Dhanya Lakshmi is the deity associated with the harvest, representing prosperity of grains and agricultural abundance. She is depicted with eight arms holding a mace (symbolizing strength), two lotuses (representing purity and enlightenment), bananas, sugar cane, and paddy crops. The two remaining hands gesture the Abhaya and Varada mudras, emphasizing protection and the granting of boons.
Gaja Lakshmi (Wealth of Power & Authority)
Gaja Lakshmi is associated with the symbolism of elephants, which represent strength and royalty in Hindu culture. but also animal wealth. In this form she is flanked by two elephants (Gajas) who shower water over her performing the Abhishekam ritual. Gaja Lakshmi blesses devotees with power, magnificence, and royal grace. In two of her four arms she holds a lotus, while the other 2 hands are open, blessing the devotees.
Santana Lakshmi (Wealth of Progeny)
Santana Lakshmi is the goddess of progeny (wealth of progeny) and family well-being. She is worshipped for the blessing of children, a harmonious family life, and the overall prosperity of the family unit. She is depicted with six hands and cradling a baby in her lap. Two of her hands hold Kashalas (water vessels), and in the other two she is holding a sword and a shield. The two remaining hands gesture the Abhaya and Varada mudras, emphasizing protection and the granting of boons.
Vijaya Lakshmi (Wealth of Victory)
Vijaya Lakshmi is the goddess of victory (wealth of victory) and triumph. She bestows success, prosperity, and victory in endeavors, symbolizing the importance of righteous pursuits and ethical achievements. Vijaya Lakshmi is depicted with 8 hands each holding a distinct item: a lotus, a discus, a conch, a sword, a shield, a noose, and with the last two she signals fearlessness and giving.
Vidya Lakshmi (Wealth of Knowledge)
Vidya Lakshmi is the goddess of knowledge (wealth of knowledge) and wisdom. She represents the importance of education, intellect, and spiritual wisdom. Devotees pray to Lakshmi and seek her blessings for academic success and spiritual enlightenment. Vidya Lakshmi is depicted with 4 arms, holding a lotus and scriptures.
Veera or Dhairya Lakshmi (Wealth of Courage)
Veera Lakshmi, also known as Dhairya Lakshmi, is the bestower of courage (wealth of courage) braveness and strength. This form of Lakshmi grants devotees with the mental and physical endurance needed to face challenges and overcome obstacles in life. Veera Lakshmi is depicted with 8 arms, holding a conch shell, a sword, a chakra (discus), a bow and arrow, a bundle of palm leaf scriptures, while with the two remaining hands she gestures the Abhaya and Verada mudras.
These depictions of Lakshmi vary across traditions and artistic interpretations, and while some common elements are prevalent, artists may add nuanced details to emphasize specific attributes associated with each form of Lakshmi.
Shodasa Maha Lakshmi: The 16 Forms of Goddess Lakshmi
In addition to the Ashta Lakshmi (8 forms of wealth), there is also the Shodasa Mahalakshmi, where Shodasa means “sixteen” and “Maha” means “great”, representing the sixteen embodiments of goddess Lakshmi. Each form is depicted with unique attributes and symbolism, highlighting a specific aspect of wealth, prosperity, and well-being.
Paying reverence to these 16 forms is considered highly auspicious, believed to attract all kinds of prosperity to the worshipper. There are special ceremonies that are linked to the adoration of the goddess: The Shodasa Mahalakshmi Puja stands out as a unique ritual designed to seek blessings from the 16 manifestations of Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth. Furthermore, the Shodasa Mahalakshmi Homam ceremony is carried out in conjunction with this worship.
The 16 forms (including the 8 Ashta Lakshmi forms), in the order chanted in the Shodasa Lakshmi Stotra (hymn of praise) are:
- Adi Lakshmi: Wealth of fortune and prosperity
- Santana Lakshmi: Wealth of progeny
- Vidya Lakshmi: Wealth of knowledge, education and talent
- Dhana Lakshmi: Wealth of money
- Dhanya Lakshmi: Wealth of food and harvest
- Medha Lakshmi:Wealth of wisdom and intellect
- Gaja Lakshmi: Wealth of power and authority
- Veera Lakshmi: Wealth of courage and patience
- Vijaya Lakshmi: Wealth of victory
- Bhagya Lakshmi: Wealth of prosperity
- Keerthi Lakshmi: Wealth of fame
- Soundarya Lakshmi: Wealth of enchanting beauty
- Arogya Lakshmi: Wealth of sound health
- Siddhi Lakshmi: Wealth of Siddhi powers (extraordinary powers and abilities)
- Samrajya Lakshmi: Wealth of position and moksha (salvation)
- Mangala Lakshmi: Wealth of auspiciousness
Depending on tradition, there are slight variations or different names for some forms of Lakshmi, like Prasanna Lakshmi (goddess of happiness) and Yaso Lakshmi (goddess of success and fame).
Incarnations of Goddess Lakshmi
The concept of Lakshmi is not confined to a singular form; she manifests in various forms, each with its own significance. Lakshmi embodies the splendid and abundant facets of nature. As Mahalakshmi, she is the supreme goddess of wealth and prosperity. In her role as Bhudevi, the earth-goddess, she nurtures life. As Sridevi, the goddess of fortune, she showers power, pleasure, and prosperity upon those deemed worthy of her benevolence. This representation emphasizes the interdependence of wealth and the sustenance of the earth. To connect with her essence, one must honor the principles governing life and marvel at the marvels of existence.
Interestingly, the darker side of wealth is personified as Alakshmi, Lakshmi’s elder sister. Alakshmi represents poverty, strife, and misfortune, serving as a reminder to appreciate and use wealth judiciously.
Depending on region and tradition there are variations on the avatars of Lakshmi. In the Lakshmi Tantra and Lakshmi Sahasranama found in the Skanda Purana, Lakshmi is elevated to the position of the primal goddess. According to these scriptures, Durga, as well as forms like Mahalakshmi, Mahakali, Mahasaraswati, and all the Shaktis emanating from deities such as Matrikas and Mahavidya, are considered diverse manifestations of Goddess Lakshmi. On the other hand, in the Hindu Bengali tradition, Lakshmi along with Saraswati, are seen as the daughters of Durga.
The Most Important Avatars of Goddess Lakshmi
- Sridevi: The personification of wealth, fortune and prosperity.
- Bhudevi or Bhumi: The personification of the earth and consort of Varaha, the boar avatar of Lord Visnu. However, in some traditions it is believed that when Vishnu incarnated as Varaha, Bhudevi also incarnated as Varahi.
- Tulsidevi or Tulasi: Also known as Vrinda, is a sacred plant deeply revered in Hindu tradition. Hindus consider it to be a terrestrial embodiment of the goddess Tulasi, viewing her as the incarnation of Lakshmi and, consequently, the consort of the god Vishnu. In an alternative narrative, identified as Vrinda, she is wedded to the demon Jalandhara.
- Niladevi or Neela devi: She is one of the main consorts of Lord Vishnu together with Sridevi and Bhudevi
- Jayanti Devi: Jayanti, which translates to ‘Victory,’ is a figure in Hindu mythology. She is the offspring of Indra, the sovereign of the devas and ruler of Svarga, and his partner, Shachi.
- Rukmini: The principal queen of Krishna in Dvaraka. Also all the Ashtabharya (the eight wives of Krishna), namely Rukmini, Jambavati, Satyabhama, Kalindi, Nagnajiti, Mitravinda, Lakshmana and Bhadra are considered avatars of Lakshmi.
- Radha: The chief consort of Lord Krishna. Also all the Gopis are considered avatars of Lakshmi.
- Sita: The consort of Lord Rama
- Vedavati Devi: The previous birth of Sita
- Yasodhara devi: The wife of Gautama Siddharta (the Buddha)
- Padmavati: The consort of Venkateshwara, a form of Lord Vishnu
- Revati: The consort of Balarama, Krishna’s brother
- Narasimhi or Pratyagira: The consort of Narasimha, the lion-man avatar of Lord Vishnu
- Vaishno Devi: A combined avatar of Mahakali, Mahalakshmi and Mahasaraswati.
Vishnu Dashavatara & Goddess Lakshmi Avatars
Lakshmi embodies the creative power (Shakti) of Vishnu. Whenever he incarnates in order to fight evil and restore cosmic order, she, being the wife of Vishnu, follows him. Vishnu and Lakshmi are inseparable and are often worshipped in tandem as Narayana Lakshmi. He represents all that is masculine, and she, all that is feminine. The following is a list of the ten most important avatars of Lord Vishnu and the corresponding avatar assumed by Lakshmi:
Matsya – Lakshmi (Goddess Lakshmi did not take any avatar form)
Kurma – Lakshmi
Varaha – Bhudevi or Varahi
Narasimha – Narasimhi or Pratyagira
Vamana – Padma or Kamala
Parashurama – Lakshmi
Rama – Sita
Krishna- Rukmini and the Ashtabharva
Balarama – Revati
Kalki – Padmavati or Vaishno devi
In traditions where the Buddha (instead of Balarama) is revered as an avatar of Vishnu, Yashodara, the wife of Gautama, is considered an avatar of Lakshmi.
Goddess Lakshmi Names
Goddess Lakshmi is also referred to as Sri. In the Vishnu Purana she is mentioned as “Sri, the bride of Vishnu” and also as “the eternal and imperishable mother of the world”.
The veneration of a mother goddess has been integral to Indian tradition from its ancient origins, and Lakshmi is one of the mother goddesses, and so she is also addressed as “mata” or “maa” (mother), distinguishing her from the general term “devi” (goddess).
In addition, like all Hindu deities, Goddess Lakshmi has many other names and divine epithets besides Sri and Lakshmi. 108 names collectively known as “Ashtottara Shatanamavali”. Some of the most widely known names are:
Padma (she of the lotus), Padmapriya (lotus lover), Vishnupati (wife of Vishnu), Lokamatri (mother of the universe), Bhuvaneshvari (the Queen of the universe), Kamakshi (she who fulfills desires by her eyes), Shadadharadhi devata (the goddess of the 6 chakras).
Goddess Lakshmi Stories & Symbolisms
Churning of the Ocean of Milk (Samudra Manthan)
The iconic tale of the churning of the cosmic ocean is central to Lakshmi’s origin. Lakshmi came out of the milky ocean and her emergence symbolizes the divine bestowal of wealth and prosperity when pursued with virtuous intentions.
The Marriage to Lord Vishnu
Lakshmi’s union with Lord Vishnu is celebrated during the festival of Diwali, symbolizing the harmonious balance between the male and female energies and the embodiment of divine grace in both.
The Dispute of the Gods & Demons
In another popular legend, the churning gods and demons quarrel over the distribution of the treasures obtained from the ocean. Lakshmi, however, chooses to reside with Lord Vishnu, signifying that wealth finds its true meaning when accompanied by righteousness.
Goddess Lakshmi & Charumati
A poor woman named Charumati devotedly worshiped Goddess Lakshmi despite her impoverished circumstances. Impressed by her unwavering faith, the goddess decided to test her sincerity. Disguised as an old woman, Lakshmi approached Charumati and asked for a place to stay for the night. Despite having very little, Charumati welcomed the old woman into her humble home, offering the best of whatever she had. Pleased with the genuine hospitality and generosity, the goddess revealed her true identity and blessed Charumati with immense wealth and prosperity.
The story illustrates the importance of devotion, selflessness, and hospitality, emphasizing that true wealth lies in a pure and generous heart.
Goddess Lakshmi & Shankara
Once, there was a virtuous farmer named Shankara who worked hard to cultivate his land. Despite facing several challenges, he never wavered from his dedication to farming. Pleased with his diligence and gratitude for the land, Goddess Lakshmi appeared to him in the form of Dhanya Lakshmi, the goddess of agricultural wealth. She blessed Shankara’s fields, ensuring abundant harvests year after year.
The story highlights the connection between hard work, gratitude, and the divine blessings of prosperity.
Goddess Lakshmi & the Merchants Raman & Shyam
In a bustling market town, there were two merchants, Raman and Shyam. Raman was generous and charitable, while Shyam was known for his greed and selfishness. One day, both merchants decided to perform a yajna (sacred ritual) to invoke the blessings of Goddess Lakshmi. During the ritual, an old beggar approached them asking for alms. Raman immediately offered food and money, while Shyam shooed the beggar away. Pleased with Raman’s generosity, Lakshmi appeared before him and granted prosperity. Shyam, realizing his mistake, sought forgiveness and changed his ways, eventually earning the goddess’s grace as well.
The story emphasizes the transformative power of generosity and the importance of a compassionate heart in attracting divine blessings.
Goddess Lakshmi & the Miser
In a town lived a wealthy but miserly man named Govardhan. Despite his immense wealth, Govardhan was known for his stinginess and reluctance to help others. One day, he came across a poor beggar who asked for some alms. Dismissing the beggar, Govardhan refused to share any of his wealth. To teach him a lesson, Goddess Lakshmi decided to test his generosity. She appeared before him in the disguise of a destitute woman and sought his help. Unbeknownst to Govardhan, he turned her away with disdain.
Later that night, in a dream, Lakshmi revealed her true form and scolded Govardhan for his lack of compassion. Realizing his mistake, Govardhan woke up a changed man. From that day forward, he became known for his charitable deeds, and Goddess Lakshmi bestowed her blessings upon him, illustrating the importance of generosity and kindness in attracting prosperity.
Goddess Lakshmi & Lord Kubera’s Pride
Lord Kubera, the treasurer of the gods, was known for his wealth. Once, he organized a grand feast and invited all the deities, including Goddess Lakshmi. However, he became consumed by pride and arrogance, believing his wealth made him superior. In response, Goddess Lakshmi left Kubera’s palace and chose Lord Vishnu as her consort, emphasizing that true wealth is not just material but also lies in humility and devotion.
This story teaches the importance of humility and spiritual wealth alongside material prosperity.
Goddess Lakshmi & the Story of Vilwamangalam Swamiyar
Vilwamangalam Swamiyar, a devout sage, was known for his sincere devotion to Goddess Lakshmi. One day, as he was performing a ritual, he realized he had no flowers to offer to the goddess. In desperation, he plucked his own eye and placed it on the altar as an offering. Touched by his unwavering devotion, Lakshmi appeared before him and granted him divine vision.
This story illustrates the power of selfless devotion and sacrifice in earning the grace of the goddess.
Goddess Lakshmi & Lord Indra’s Elephant
Once, Lord Indra had a magnificent white elephant named Airavata, which he used as his mount. Due to a curse, the elephant lost its white color and became dark. Distressed by this transformation, Lord Indra sought the help of Goddess Lakshmi. Pleased with his devotion, Lakshmi appeared and advised him to bathe the elephant in the holy waters of the Ganges during the auspicious time of Dev Diwali. Following her guidance, Indra performed the ritual, and miraculously, Airavata regained its original white color.
This story underscores the belief in seeking the blessings of Goddess Lakshmi for the resolution of challenges and the restoration of divine grace.
Goddess Lakshmi Festivals
Diwali
Diwali or the festival of lights, signifies the victory of good over evil and holds special significance for Lakshmi worship. Devotees clean their homes, light lamps, and offer prayers to invoke the blessings of goddess Lakshmi for wealth and prosperity. According to Hindu beliefs, Lakshmi goes only to houses that are clean and ooze a festive mood.
Navaratri
The worship of Goddess Lakshmi takes center stage during Navaratri, particularly on the fourth through sixth nights of this nine-night festival. Navaratri, a celebration of the feminine divine, recurs four times a year, with the spring and fall observances being particularly prominent. Various traditions mark this occasion by either honoring the nine manifestations of goddess Durga or celebrating the trinity of goddesses – Durga, Lakshmi, and Saraswati – with three days dedicated to each.
Varalakshmi Vratam
This annual observance, typically performed by married women, is dedicated to propitiating goddess Varalakshmi for the well-being of family members and the accumulation of wealth.
How to Worship Goddess Lakshmi
Devotees express their reverence for Goddess Lakshmi through various forms of worship and rituals. In addition goddess Lakshmi is seen as a mediator to Lord Vishnu, and whenever devotees want to ask something of Lord Vishnu the do so through the presence of Lakshmi.
Lakshmi Puja
Elaborate rituals involving the recitation of hymns, offerings of sweets, flowers, and incense, form an integral part of Lakshmi Puja for invoking the goddess. Earthen idols of Lakshmi and Ganesha are worshipped and offerings of flowers, milk, and sweets are made to the Goddess. It is important for devotees to clean in order to invite Lakshmi into their homes on the night of Lakshmi Puja.
Gaja Lakshmi Puja is another autumn festival celebrated on Sharad Purnima (September to October). On this day, devotees offer prayers to Chandra, the moon deity, and worship divine pairs like Krishna and Radha, Lakshmi Narayana and Shiva with Parvati.
Lakshmi Sahasranama
The recitation of the thousand names of Lakshmi, known as the Lakshmi Sahasranama, is a sacred practice believed to invoke the goddess’s blessings.
Lakshmi Arati
The singing of devotional songs and the performance of arati (waving of lamps) during prayer ceremonies are common ways to express devotion to Goddess Lakshmi.
Shodasa Mahalakshmi Puja
The Shodasa Mahalakshmi Puja is a highly auspicious and distinctive ceremony conducted to seek the blessings of the 16 manifestations of the goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth.
According to the revered Mahalakshmi Stuti, a sacred ode praising Goddess Mahalakshmi, invoking the goddess in her 16 specific forms can bring about prosperity, good fortune, auspiciousness, and 16 different types of wealth blessings, referred to as 16 “Aishwaryas”.
Shodasa Mahalakshmi Homam
The Shodasa Maha Lakshmi Homam stands out as a noteworthy Vedic ritual designed to please the sixteen powerful manifestations of the goddess Lakshmi. Typically observed on a Tuesday for sixteen days, this ritual aims to invoke the goddess’s blessings for prosperity, good fortune, and success. However, one has the flexibility to conduct this fire ceremony on any day to seek the supreme blessings of Maha Lakshmi. This puja can be conducted at any place, at any time, by anyone desiring to partake in it.
This homam, an integral part of Hinduism, is a ceremonial fire ritual. It involves kindling the sacred fire using neem tree twigs and presenting various offerings such as ghee (clarified butter), rice, fruits, and more.
3 Important Goddess Lakshmi Mantras
Several mantras are dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi in Hinduism, each believed to invoke her blessings and attract wealth, prosperity, and auspiciousness. Among the most important mantras for Lakshmi, the following are widely chanted by devotees: It’s important to note that the pronunciation and intonation of mantras are crucial. Devotees often chant these mantras with faith, devotion, and a pure heart to enhance their effectiveness.
Lakshmi Beej Mantra
ॐ ह्रीं श्रीं लक्ष्मीभयो नमः॥
Om Hreem Shreem Lakshmibhayo Namah॥
Meaning: “I seek the blessings of the divine bestower of all wealth and prosperity”.
Mahalakshmi Mantra
ॐ सर्वाबाधा विनिर्मुक्तो, धन धान्यः सुतान्वितः। मनुष्यो मत्प्रसादेन भविष्यति न संशयः ॐ ।।
Om Sarvabaadhaa Vinirmukto, Dhan Dhaanyah Sutaanvitah | Manushyo Matprasaaden Bhavishyati Na Sanshayah Om ||
Meaning : “Ode to the Goddess to destroy all evil forces and bless us all with a prosperous and a better future”.
Lakshmi Gayatri Mantra
ॐ श्री महालक्ष्म्यै च विद्महे विष्णु पत्न्यै च धीमहि तन्नो लक्ष्मी प्रचोदयात् ॐ॥
Om Shree Mahalakshmyai Cha Vidmahe Vishnu Patnyai Cha Dheemahi
Tanno Lakshmi Prachodayat Om॥
Meaning: “Let me meditate on the greatest Goddess, the wife of Lord Vishnu, please give me higher intellect, abundance and prosperity”.
Goddess Lakshmi Temples
There are many temples dedicated to the worship of the Hindu goddess of wealth and prosperity throughout India.
These temples attract devotees from all over the country and represent the diversity of Lakshmi worship across different regions and traditions within Hinduism. Each temple has its unique significance and contributes to the rich cultural and spiritual landscape of India. Goddess Lakshmi is worshipped in numerous temples across India and beyond. Some of the most important and revered temples dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi include:
Sripuram Golden Temple, Vellore
The Sripuram Golden Temple, located in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, is a stunning temple covered in gold leaf. It is dedicated to Goddess Mahalakshmi and is known for its architectural splendor and spiritual ambiance.
Maha Laxmi Temple, Mumbai
This temple is dedicated to Mahalakshmi, the supreme form of Goddess Lakshmi. It is one of the oldest temples in Mumbai and attracts a large number of devotees and visitors.
Ashtalakshmi Temple, Chennai
Located in Besant Nagar, Chennai, this temple is dedicated to the eight manifestations of Lakshmi, known as the Ashta Lakshmi. Each shrine within the temple complex is dedicated to a specific form of Lakshmi.
Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Delhi
Also known as the Birla Mandir, this temple in New Delhi is dedicated to Lakshmi Narayan (Vishnu and Lakshmi). The temple complex is adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures.
Lakshmi Hayagriva Temple, Tirumala
Located on the Tirumala hills near the renowned Venkateswara Temple, this temple is dedicated to the combined form of Lord Vishnu (Hayagriva) and Goddess Lakshmi. It is an integral part of the Tirumala pilgrimage.
Lakshmi Narasimha Temple, Yadadri
The Lakshmi Narasimha Temple in Yadadri, Telangana, is dedicated to Lord Narasimha and Goddess Lakshmi. The temple has undergone extensive renovations in recent years.
Shree MahaLakshmi Temple, Kolhapur
This ancient temple in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, is dedicated to Goddess Mahalakshmi. The idol is adorned with jewelry, and the temple architecture reflects the traditional Marathi style.
Koviladi, Tamil Nadu
The Lakshmi Narayani Temple in Koviladi, Tamil Nadu, is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi and is renowned for its unique architecture. The deity is believed to be a swayambhu (self-manifested) idol.
Lakshmi Temple, Doddagaddavalli
Situated within a complex dedicated to various Hindu deities, the Lakshmi Devi Temple traces its origins to the esteemed Hoysala period. As one of the most significant Lakshmi temples in India, it stands as one of the earliest examples of Hoysala architecture. Found in Doddagaddavalli, this temple holds historical and architectural importance.
Kaila Devi Temple, Rajasthan
The Kaila Devi temple venerates the manifestation of the Goddess of wealth, Kaila Devi. Revered as the guardian deity of the Yadav and Rajput/Kirar/Banjara community rulers in the Karauli district of Rajasthan, where the temple is situated. Maharaja Gopal Singh Ji laid the foundation of the temple in 1723, and its construction was successfully concluded in 1730.
Goravanahalli Mahalakshmi Temple, Karnataka
The Goravanahalli Mahalakshmi Temple, situated in the Tumkur District of Karnataka, is a highly frequented Mahalakshmi temple. The revered idol of Mahalakshmi is believed to have spontaneously originated on its own.
Cultural Influence of Goddess Lakshmi
Goddess Lakshmi exerts a profound cultural influence across India. Her influence extends beyond the religious realms into art, literature, and daily life. Her depiction in visual arts, characterized by vibrant paintings and intricate sculptures, showcases her divine presence, often seated or standing on a lotus, adorned with symbols of wealth.
Temples dedicated to Lakshmi reflect her cultural significance through elaborate architecture and sacred spaces adorned with carvings that symbolize prosperity. Literary references in Hindu epics and scriptures weave Lakshmi’s stories and attributes into the moral and ethical fabric of Hindu literature, enriching narratives with themes of grace and beauty. Poets and saints compose hymns and verses expressing devotion to Lakshmi, while classical dance forms celebrate her through expressive movements and gestures. The festival of Diwali, a pinnacle of Hindu celebrations, emphasizes artistic expressions like rangoli and the crafting of intricate idols and images of Lakshmi.
Contemporary artists continue to draw inspiration from her timeless symbolism, contributing to a dynamic cultural dialogue that transcends traditional boundaries. Goddess Lakshmi’s cultural influence is not merely confined to religious practices; it permeates diverse aspects of life, reflecting a collective veneration for prosperity, spiritual well-being, and the enduring richness of Hindu cultural heritage.
Lakshmi is not just a materialistic symbol of good fortune and wealth; she also represents spiritual wealth and well-being. The pursuit of prosperity is seen as part of a balanced and righteous life in Hindu philosophy.
Lakshmi is sometimes associated with feminine qualities and is considered a role model for women. Her attributes of grace, beauty, and prosperity are often admired and emulated.
Global Influence of Goddess Lakshmi
The worship of Goddess Lakshmi extends beyond the boundaries of India, finding resonance in various cultures and communities worldwide. Her universal appeal lies in the aspiration for both material and spiritual prosperity, transcending cultural and geographical boundaries.
Jainism
In Jainism, one of the three most ancient religions of India, Sri Lakshmi is revered as the great goddess of wealth (artha) and pleasure (kama).
Buddhism
In Chinese Buddhism, Lakshmi is known as the goddess of prosperity and fortune and is one of the 24 deities (dharmapalas) that protect the Buddhist dharma. In Japanese Buddhism, Lakshmi is the goddess of prosperity and fortune, known as Kishijoten (meaning “Auspicious Heavens”). Assuming her form as Palden Lhamo, Lakshmi is revered as the protector of Tibetan Buddhism and of Lhasa, Tibet’s capital city.
Conclusion & Final Thoughts
The Hindu goddess Lakshmi, the protective mother with her benevolent grace and association with prosperity, wealth and power, embodies the aspirations and values of millions of devotees worldwide. Beyond being a symbol of affluence, the goddess came to be a guiding force towards righteous living, spiritual evolution, and the pursuit of a balanced and harmonious life.
It is important to remember that Shri Lakshmi embodies not just the values of material prosperity and wealth but also spiritual prosperity. Through myths, symbols, and rituals, the worship of Goddess Lakshmi continues to weave a spiritual connection between the material and the divine, offering solace and inspiration in the journey of life.
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